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| Bacteria
Gram positive cocci |
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| Streptococcus
pneumoniae
*most common cause of community acquired pneumonia in adults |
*Typical pneumonia | inhalation of droplets | rusty sputum |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Typical pneumonia | inhalation of droplets | Group A Streptococcus, pneumonia that killed Jim Hensen (The Muppets creator) |
| Streptococcus agalactiae
common cause of pneumonia in 0-2 month old patients |
Typical pneumonia | inhalation of organisms as neonate passes down birth canal | Group B Streptococcus, usually causes pneumonia in neonates. |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Typical pneumonia | IV drug use, inhalation of droplets, post-influenza | Multiple bilateral nodular infiltrates with central cavitation. In children one can see ill-defined, thin walled cavities ("pneumatoceles"), bronchopleural fistulas, and empyema. Common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients |
| Peptostreptococcus
sp.
anaerobe |
**Aspiration pneumonia | Aspiration | fluid-air levels, and abscess formation oftentimes seen on radiographs, foul breath, infiltrates in dependant lung segments |
| Bacteria
Gram positive rods |
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| Bacillus anthracis | Typical pneumonia, Anthrax, Wool-Sorters disease | inhalation | Associated with wool sorting, with animal handlers, and veterinarians. |
| Nocardia sp. | ***Chronic pneumonia | inhalation; immunocompromised hosts | beaded filamentous appearance of the rod shaped bacteria, Pleura and chest wall involvment |
| Actinomyces sp.
anaerobe |
Chronic pneumonia | Aspiration | sulfur granules and a beaded appearance of the branched filamentous rod shaped bacteria, Rib destruction, Cutaneous sinuses, cavitation, spreads to pleura and chest wall |
| Bacteria
Gram negative cocci |
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| Neisseria meningitidis | Typical pneumonia | inhalation | epidemics in military recruits |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | Typical pneumonia | inhalation | |
| Bacteria
Gram negative Rods |
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Typical pneumonia | aspiration | Current Jelly sputum, more commonly seen in patients with COPD, alcoholics, and the elderly, Bulging fissure sign of chest radiograph, lung necrosis |
| Escherichia
coli
common cause of pneumonia in 0-2 month old patients |
Typical pneumonia | aspiration | usually seen in neonates, lung necrosis |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Typical pneumonia | aspiration or inhalation | green sputum, abscess formation, Common cause of pneumonia in cystic
fibrosis patients and those with
severely compromised respiratory defenses. |
| Acinetobacter sp. | Typical pneumonia | aspiration or inhalation , often found on respiratory therapy equipment and on human skin | very difficult to treat due to multiple drug resistance. |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | Typical pneumonia | inhalation | exposure with contaminated soil |
| Burkholderia mallei | Typical pneumonia | inhalation | exposure with contaminated soil |
| Yersinia pestis | Typical pneumonia, Pneumonic plague | Inhalation, or by hematogenous spread to lungs | Initial plague patients acquire this disease via flea bites |
| Francisella tularensis | Typical pneumonia, Tularemia | Infection is via tick bite or contact with contaminated rabbits. | |
| Hemophilus influenzae | Typical pneumonia | inhalation | more commonly seen in patients with COPD, alcoholics, and the
elderly. |
| Bordetella pertussis | Whooping cough | inhalation | bronchopneumonia |
| Bacteroides
melaninogenicus
anaerobe |
Aspiration pneumonia | Aspiration | fluid-air levels, and abscess formation oftentimes seen on radiographs, foul breath, infiltrates in dependant lung segments |
| Fusobacterium
sp.
anaerobe |
Aspiration pneumonia | Aspiration | fluid-air levels, and abscess formation oftentimes seen on radiographs, foul breath, infiltrates in dependant lung segments |
| Porphyromonas sp.
anaerobe |
Aspiration pneumonia | Aspiration | fluid-air levels, and abscess formation oftentimes seen on radiographs, foul breath, infiltrates in dependant lung segments |
| Prevotella sp.
anaerobe |
Aspiration pneumonia | Aspiration | fluid-air levels, and abscess formation oftentimes seen on radiographs, foul breath, infiltrates in dependant lung segments |
| Proteus sp. | Typical pneumonia | inhalation, aspiration | lung necrosis |
| Serratia sp. | Typical pneumonia | inhalation, aspiration | usually seen in immunocompromised hosts |
| Bacteria that do not gram stain or gram stain poorly | |||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Chronic pneumonia | inhalation | ghon complexes, coin lesions, cavitation. |
| Other Mycobacterium sp. | Chronic pneumonia | inhalation, usually seen in immunocompromised host | |
| Legionella pneumophila | ****Atypical pneumonia | inhalation, usually the elderly or immunocompromised host | Relative bradycardia, abdominal pain, Vomiting and diarrhea, hematuria, mental confusion, abnormal liver and renal function tests, increased CPK |
| Mycoplasma
pneumoniae
- colonies Most common cause of Atypical pneumonia in adults. |
Atypical pneumonia | inhalation | bullous myringitis, cold agglutinin positive, cobweb like infiltrates of lungs |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | Atypical pneumonia | inhalation | an afebrile pneumonia, usually seen in 2 wk to 6 months of age |
| Chlamydia psittaci | Atypical pneumonia | inhalation | acquired from certain birds (ex. parrots), normal or low leukocyte count |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae
TWAR agent |
Atypical pneumonia | inhalation | |
| Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever) | Atypical pneumonia | ingestion of comtaminated milk, or inhalation of contaminated aerosols from barnyard animals | abnormal liver function tests |
TO GO BACK TO MY
Last revised 6/8/16
